Scientists have developed a more accurate test for cell changes that could lead to cervical cancer.
The test is also able to pick up DNA markers for some other cancers so in the future it could be used as a predictive test for breast, womb, cervical and ovarian cancer.
When it was used for testing cervical cancer, it performed better than the methods which are currently available for detecting those with advanced cell changes who need treatment.
For those who had no cell changes but had human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes most cases of cervical cancer, it detected 55% of people who would have cell changes in the next four years.
Experts looked at DNA methylation for the study which acts as an extra layer of information on top of DNA.
DNA contains the genes that people inherit from both of their parents but DNA methylation tells cells which bits of DNA they need to read.
There are a few factors which can alter these markers and change how the cell behaves, including smoking, pollution, poor diet and being overweight.
Scientists think that by looking closely at DNA methylation they can detect cancer and maybe even predict the risk someone has of developing cancer in the future.
Previous studies on the new test using cervical samples have suggested accuracy in predicting women with breast or ovarian cancer.
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The new study, published in the journal Genome Medicine, included 1,254 cervical screening samples from women with cell changes ranging from lower to high risk, women with HPV but no cervical cell changes, and samples from women without any cervical cell changes who went on to develop high-risk cell changes within four years.
Professor Martin Widschwendter, from University College London’s department of women’s cancer, said: “Vaccination against the virus that causes cervical cancer is now widely implemented and is leading to changes in the amount and types of the virus circulating in the community.
“In turn, our approaches to cervical screening must adapt so that programmes continue to deliver benefits.
“Importantly, our other work has shown how testing the same cervical sample can also deliver information on a woman’s risk of three other major cancers – breast, ovarian and womb cancers.
“Building new, holistic, risk-predictive screening programmes around existing, effective cervical sample collection offers real potential for cancer prevention in the future.”
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Athena Lamnisos, chief executive of the Eve Appeal charity, said: “It’s so welcome to see screening tools and predictive tests becoming more effective.
“We want to prevent cancer – and we know with cervical cancer that we can intervene at an early stage.
“This new method is more specific and doesn’t lead to over-treatment which is good news for cervical cancer prevention and great news for everyone who needs to be screened.”
The UK sees around 3,200 new cases of cervical cancer and around 850 deaths each year.
Around 50% of women with the disease survive for 10 years or more.
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